This study investigates the effectiveness of PVDF hollow fiber membrane bioreactors for treating untreated wastewater. A range of variables, including hydraulic retention time and operating conditions, were manipulated to optimize microbial activity. The results demonstrated that PVDF hollow fiber membrane bioreactors offer a viable solution for… Read More

Nanobubbles, intriguing entities with unique physicochemical characteristics, have garnered significant focus in recent years. These microscopic bubbles of gas contained within a medium exhibit unusual stability and affect various phenomena in diverse domains. Generating and evaluating nanobubbles remains a complex endeavor, requiring refined… Read More